侧边栏
使用一些类和我们的 JavaScript 插件,在您的项目中为导航、购物车等构建隐藏的侧边栏。
怎么运行的
Offcanvas 是一个侧边栏组件,可以通过 JavaScript 切换为从视口的左侧、右侧、顶部或底部边缘显示。按钮或锚点用作附加到您切换的特定元素的触发器,data
属性用于调用我们的 JavaScript。
- Offcanvas 与模态对话框共享一些相同的 JavaScript 代码。从概念上讲,它们非常相似,但它们是独立的插件。
- 类似地,offcanvas 样式和尺寸的一些源 Sass变量是从模态变量继承的。
- 显示时,offcanvas 包括一个默认背景,可以单击它来隐藏 offcanvas。
- 与模态对话框类似,一次只能显示一个画布。
小心!考虑到 CSS 处理动画的方式,您不能在.offcanvas
元素上使用margin
或translate
。相反,将该类用作独立的包装元素。
prefers-reduced-motion
媒体查询。请参阅我们的辅助功能文档的减少运动部分。
例子
Offcanvas 组件
下面是默认显示的 offcanvas 示例(通过在.offcanvas
添加.show
)。Offcanvas 支持带有关闭按钮的标题和一些初始padding
. 我们建议您尽可能在 offcanvas 标头中包含关闭操作,或者提供明确的关闭操作。
Offcanvas
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start show" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvas" aria-labelledby="offcanvasLabel">
<div class="offcanvas-header">
<h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasLabel">Offcanvas</h5>
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="offcanvas-body">
Content for the offcanvas goes here. You can place just about any Bootstrap component or custom elements here.
</div>
</div>
示例
使用下面的按钮通过 JavaScript 显示和隐藏一个 offcanvas 元素,该元素在带有.offcanvas
类的元素上切换.show
类。
.offcanvas
隐藏内容(默认).offcanvas.show
显示内容
您可以使用带有href
属性的链接,或带有data-bs-target
属性的按钮。在这两种情况下,data-bs-toggle="offcanvas"
都是必需的。
Offcanvas
<a class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#offcanvasExample" role="button" aria-controls="offcanvasExample">
Link with href
</a>
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasExample" aria-controls="offcanvasExample">
Button with data-bs-target
</button>
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasExample" aria-labelledby="offcanvasExampleLabel">
<div class="offcanvas-header">
<h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasExampleLabel">Offcanvas</h5>
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="offcanvas-body">
<div>
Some text as placeholder. In real life you can have the elements you have chosen. Like, text, images, lists, etc.
</div>
<div class="dropdown mt-3">
<button class="btn btn-secondary dropdown-toggle" type="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown">
Dropdown button
</button>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Body滚动
当 offcanvas 及其遮罩可见时,将禁用滚动<body>
元素。使用该data-bs-scroll
属性启用<body>
滚动。
Offcanvas with body scrolling
Try scrolling the rest of the page to see this option in action.
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasScrolling" aria-controls="offcanvasScrolling">Enable body scrolling</button>
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" data-bs-scroll="true" data-bs-backdrop="false" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasScrolling" aria-labelledby="offcanvasScrollingLabel">
<div class="offcanvas-header">
<h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasScrollingLabel">Offcanvas with body scrolling</h5>
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="offcanvas-body">
<p>Try scrolling the rest of the page to see this option in action.</p>
</div>
</div>
Body滚动和遮罩
您还可以使用可见遮罩并启用<body>
滚动。
Backdrop with scrolling
Try scrolling the rest of the page to see this option in action.
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasWithBothOptions" aria-controls="offcanvasWithBothOptions">Enable both scrolling & backdrop</button>
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" data-bs-scroll="true" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasWithBothOptions" aria-labelledby="offcanvasWithBothOptionsLabel">
<div class="offcanvas-header">
<h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasWithBothOptionsLabel">Backdrop with scrolling</h5>
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="offcanvas-body">
<p>Try scrolling the rest of the page to see this option in action.</p>
</div>
</div>
静态背景
当背景设置为静态时,在其外部单击时,offcanvas 不会关闭。
Offcanvas
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#staticBackdrop" aria-controls="staticBackdrop">
Toggle static offcanvas
</button>
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" data-bs-backdrop="static" tabindex="-1" id="staticBackdrop" aria-labelledby="staticBackdropLabel">
<div class="offcanvas-header">
<h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="staticBackdropLabel">Offcanvas</h5>
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="offcanvas-body">
<div>
I will not close if you click outside of me.
</div>
</div>
</div>
深色侧边栏
添加于 v5.2.0使用实用程序更改画布外的外观,以更好地将它们与不同的上下文(如深色导航栏)相匹配。在这里,我们添加.text-bg-dark
到.offcanvas
和.btn-close-white
到.btn-close
使用深色画布进行适当的造型。如果您在其中有下拉菜单,请考虑也添加.dropdown-menu-dark
到.dropdown-menu
.
Offcanvas
Place offcanvas content here.
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start show text-bg-dark" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasDark" aria-labelledby="offcanvasDarkLabel">
<div class="offcanvas-header">
<h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasDarkLabel">Offcanvas</h5>
<button type="button" class="btn-close btn-close-white" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvasDark" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="offcanvas-body">
<p>Place offcanvas content here.</p>
</div>
</div>
响应式
添加于 v5.2.0响应式 offcanvas 类将内容从指定的断点向下隐藏在视口之外。在该断点之上,其中的内容将照常运行。例如,.offcanvas-lg
隐藏断点lg
下方 offcanvas中的内容,但显示lg
断点上方的内容。
Responsive offcanvas
This is content within an .offcanvas-lg
.
<button class="btn btn-primary d-lg-none" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasResponsive" aria-controls="offcanvasResponsive">Toggle offcanvas</button>
<div class="alert alert-info d-none d-lg-block">Resize your browser to show the responsive offcanvas toggle.</div>
<div class="offcanvas-lg offcanvas-end" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasResponsive" aria-labelledby="offcanvasResponsiveLabel">
<div class="offcanvas-header">
<h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasResponsiveLabel">Responsive offcanvas</h5>
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasResponsive" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="offcanvas-body">
<p class="mb-0">This is content within an <code>.offcanvas-lg</code>.</p>
</div>
</div>
每个断点都可以使用响应式画布类。
.offcanvas
.offcanvas-sm
.offcanvas-md
.offcanvas-lg
.offcanvas-xl
.offcanvas-xxl
位置
offcanvas 组件没有默认位置,因此您必须添加下面的修改器类之一。
.offcanvas-start
将 offcanvas 放在视口的左侧(如上所示).offcanvas-end
将 offcanvas 放在视口的右侧.offcanvas-top
将 offcanvas 放在视口的顶部.offcanvas-bottom
将 offcanvas 放在视口的底部
尝试下面的顶部、右侧和底部示例。
Offcanvas top
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasTop" aria-controls="offcanvasTop">Toggle top offcanvas</button>
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-top" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasTop" aria-labelledby="offcanvasTopLabel">
<div class="offcanvas-header">
<h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasTopLabel">Offcanvas top</h5>
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="offcanvas-body">
...
</div>
</div>
Offcanvas right
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasRight" aria-controls="offcanvasRight">Toggle right offcanvas</button>
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-end" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasRight" aria-labelledby="offcanvasRightLabel">
<div class="offcanvas-header">
<h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasRightLabel">Offcanvas right</h5>
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="offcanvas-body">
...
</div>
</div>
Offcanvas bottom
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#offcanvasBottom" aria-controls="offcanvasBottom">Toggle bottom offcanvas</button>
<div class="offcanvas offcanvas-bottom" tabindex="-1" id="offcanvasBottom" aria-labelledby="offcanvasBottomLabel">
<div class="offcanvas-header">
<h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="offcanvasBottomLabel">Offcanvas bottom</h5>
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
</div>
<div class="offcanvas-body small">
...
</div>
</div>
辅助功能
由于 offcanvas 面板在概念上是一个模态对话框,因此请务必将aria-labelledby="..."
—offcanvas组件标题— 添加到.offcanvas
. 请注意,您不需要添加role="dialog"
,因为我们已经通过 JavaScript 添加了它。
CSS
变量
添加于 v5.2.0作为 Bootstrap 不断发展的 CSS 变量方法的一部分,offcanvas 现在使用本地 CSS 变量.offcanvas
来增强实时定制。CSS 变量的值是通过 Sass 设置的,因此仍然支持 Sass 自定义。
--#{$prefix}offcanvas-zindex: #{$zindex-offcanvas};
--#{$prefix}offcanvas-width: #{$offcanvas-horizontal-width};
--#{$prefix}offcanvas-height: #{$offcanvas-vertical-height};
--#{$prefix}offcanvas-padding-x: #{$offcanvas-padding-x};
--#{$prefix}offcanvas-padding-y: #{$offcanvas-padding-y};
--#{$prefix}offcanvas-color: #{$offcanvas-color};
--#{$prefix}offcanvas-bg: #{$offcanvas-bg-color};
--#{$prefix}offcanvas-border-width: #{$offcanvas-border-width};
--#{$prefix}offcanvas-border-color: #{$offcanvas-border-color};
--#{$prefix}offcanvas-box-shadow: #{$offcanvas-box-shadow};
--#{$prefix}offcanvas-transition: #{transform $offcanvas-transition-duration ease-in-out};
--#{$prefix}offcanvas-title-line-height: #{$offcanvas-title-line-height};
Sass 变量
$offcanvas-padding-y: $modal-inner-padding;
$offcanvas-padding-x: $modal-inner-padding;
$offcanvas-horizontal-width: 400px;
$offcanvas-vertical-height: 30vh;
$offcanvas-transition-duration: .3s;
$offcanvas-border-color: $modal-content-border-color;
$offcanvas-border-width: $modal-content-border-width;
$offcanvas-title-line-height: $modal-title-line-height;
$offcanvas-bg-color: var(--#{$prefix}body-bg);
$offcanvas-color: var(--#{$prefix}body-color);
$offcanvas-box-shadow: $modal-content-box-shadow-xs;
$offcanvas-backdrop-bg: $modal-backdrop-bg;
$offcanvas-backdrop-opacity: $modal-backdrop-opacity;
用法
offcanvas 插件利用一些类和属性来处理繁重的工作:
.offcanvas
隐藏内容.offcanvas.show
显示内容.offcanvas-start
隐藏左侧的画布.offcanvas-end
隐藏右侧的画布.offcanvas-top
隐藏顶部的画布.offcanvas-bottom
隐藏底部的画布
添加一个带有data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas"
属性的关闭按钮,它会触发 JavaScript 功能。请务必将<button>
元素与它一起使用,以便在所有设备上都能正常运行。
通过数据属性
切换
将data-bs-toggle="offcanvas"
和data-bs-target
或href
添加到元素以自动分配对一个 offcanvas 元素的控制。该data-bs-target
属性接受一个 CSS 选择器来应用 offcanvas。请务必将类添加offcanvas
到 offcanvas 元素。如果您希望它默认打开,请添加额外的类show
。
关闭
可以使用offcanvas中按钮上的data
属性来实现关闭,如下所示:
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
或在画布外的按钮上使用data-bs-target
如下所示:
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#my-offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button>
通过 JavaScript
手动启用:
const offcanvasElementList = document.querySelectorAll('.offcanvas')
const offcanvasList = [...offcanvasElementList].map(offcanvasEl => new bootstrap.Offcanvas(offcanvasEl))
选项
由于可以通过数据属性或 JavaScript 传递选项,因此您可以将选项名称附加到data-bs-
,如data-bs-animation="{value}"
. 当通过数据属性传递选项时,确保将选项名称的大小写类型从“ camelCase ”更改为“ kebab-case ”。例如,使用data-bs-custom-class="beautifier"
而不是data-bs-customClass="beautifier"
。
从 Bootstrap 5.2.0 开始,所有组件都支持实验性保留数据属性data-bs-config
,该属性可以将简单的组件配置作为 JSON 字符串进行存储。当元素具有data-bs-config='{"delay":0, "title":123}'
和data-bs-title="456"
属性时,最终title
值将是456
并且单独的数据属性将覆盖 上给出的值data-bs-config
。此外,现有的数据属性能够容纳 JSON 值,例如data-bs-delay='{"show":0,"hide":150}'
.
名称 | 类型 | 默认 | 描述 |
---|---|---|---|
backdrop |
布尔值或字符串static |
true |
在 offcanvas 打开时在Body上应用背景。或者,指定static 在单击时不关闭画布的背景。 |
keyboard |
布尔值 | true |
按下退出键时关闭画布。 |
scroll |
布尔值 | false |
在 offcanvas 打开时允许Body滚动。 |
方法
将您的内容激活为 offcanvas 元素。接受一个可选的选项object
。
您可以使用构造函数创建一个 offcanvas 实例,例如:
const bsOffcanvas = new bootstrap.Offcanvas('#myOffcanvas')
方法 | 描述 |
---|---|
getInstance |
允许您获取与 DOM 元素关联的 offcanvas 实例的静态方法。 |
getOrCreateInstance |
允许您获取与 DOM 元素关联的 offcanvas 实例的静态方法,或者创建一个新实例以防未初始化。 |
hide |
隐藏画布外元素。在 offcanvas 元素实际被隐藏之前(即事件发生之前)返回给调用者。hidden.bs.offcanvas |
show |
显示 offcanvas 元素。在 offcanvas 元素实际显示之前(即事件发生之前)返回给调用者。shown.bs.offcanvas |
toggle |
将 offcanvas 元素切换为显示或隐藏。在 offcanvas 元素实际显示或隐藏之前返回给调用者(即在shown.bs.offcanvas orhidden.bs.offcanvas 事件发生之前)。 |
事件
Bootstrap 的 offcanvas 类公开了一些用于连接到 offcanvas 功能的事件。
事件类型 | 描述 |
---|---|
hide.bs.offcanvas |
hide 调用该方法后会立即触发此事件。 |
hidden.bs.offcanvas |
当对用户隐藏了 offcanvas 元素时会触发此事件(将等待 CSS 转换完成)。 |
hidePrevented.bs.offcanvas |
当显示 offcanvas 时会触发此事件,它的背景是static 并且在 offcanvas 外部执行单击。当按下转义键且keyboard 选项设置为时,也会触发该事件false 。 |
show.bs.offcanvas |
show 调用实例方法时会立即触发此事件。 |
shown.bs.offcanvas |
当 offcanvas 元素对用户可见时会触发此事件(将等待 CSS 转换完成)。 |
const myOffcanvas = document.getElementById('myOffcanvas')
myOffcanvas.addEventListener('hidden.bs.offcanvas', event => {
// do something...
})